Mars (mythology) - Wikipedia. Not to be confused with the planet Mars. Mars. Pater of the Roman people, Guardian of soldiers and farmers, God of War, Destruction and Masculinity. Symbol. The spear of Mars . If you're interested in protecting your brain health and preventing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, the research is pouring in in support of. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began the season for military campaigning and ended the season for farming. Under the influence of Greek culture, Mars was identified with the Greek god. Ares. But the character and dignity of Mars differed in fundamental ways from that of his Greek counterpart, who is often treated with contempt and revulsion in Greek literature. Mars' altar in the Campus Martius, the area of Rome that took its name from him, was supposed to have been dedicated by Numa, the peace- loving semi- legendary second king of Rome. Although the center of Mars' worship was originally located outside the sacred boundary of Rome (pomerium), Augustus made the god a renewed focus of Roman religion by establishing the Temple of Mars Ultor in his new forum. His love affair with Venus symbolically reconciled the two different traditions of Rome's founding; Venus was the divine mother of the hero Aeneas, celebrated as the Trojan refugee who . However, in a version of his birth given by Ovid, he was the son of Juno alone. Jupiter had usurped the mother's function when he gave birth to Minerva directly from his forehead (or mind); to restore the balance, Juno sought the advice of the goddess Flora on how to do the same. Flora obtained a magic flower (Latin flos, plural flores, a masculine word) and tested it on a heifer who became fecund at once. Since the Paleo diet relies heavily on meat, a Paleo diet for vegetarians seems like a contradiction. Here's how to make the Paleo diet and vegetarianism work well. David Lane directed readers to watch a video filmed this week by 100 Houston area pastors. The topic is the Texas Senate Bill 6 (SB6), otherwise known as a bathroom bill. Four CA Regional Agritourism Summits in February & March. The University of California Small Farm Program and UC Cooperative Extension advisors in four California. She then plucked a flower ritually using her thumb, touched Juno's belly, and impregnated her. Juno withdrew to Thrace and the shore of Marmara for the birth. In the earliest Roman calendar, March was the first month, and the god would have been born with the new year. He may be presenting a literary myth of his own invention, or an otherwise unknown archaic Italic tradition; either way, in choosing to include the story, he emphasizes that Mars was connected to plant life and was not alienated from female nurture. Her name appears with that of Mars in an archaic prayer invoking a series of abstract qualities, each paired with the name of a deity. The influence of Greek mythology and its anthropomorphic gods may have caused Roman writers to treat these pairs as . In Greek myth, the adultery of Ares and Aphrodite had been exposed to ridicule when her husband Hephaestus (whose Roman equivalent was Vulcan) caught them in the act by means of a magical snare. Although not originally part of the Roman tradition, in 2. BC Venus and Mars were presented as a complementary pair in the lectisternium, a public banquet at which images of twelve major gods of the Roman state were presented on couches as if present and participating. Some scenes may imply marriage. The Renaissance philosopher Marsilio Ficino notes that . In the surviving text of their hymn, the Arval Brothers invoked Mars as ferus, . A statue group that stood along the Appian Way showed Mars in the company of wolves. The goose was considered a bellicose animal because it is easily provoked to aggression.
Wild animals might be viewed as already belonging to the god to whom they were sacred, or at least not owned by human beings and therefore not theirs to give. Since sacrificial meat was eaten at a banquet after the gods received their portion . The Romans thought that this altar had been established by the semi- legendary Numa Pompilius, the peace- loving successor of Romulus. No temple was built at the altar, but from 1. BC a covered walkway connected it to the Porta Fontinalis, near the office and archives of the Roman censors. Newly elected censors placed their curule chairs by the altar, and when they had finished conducting the census, the citizens were collectively purified with a suovetaurilia there. It housed a colossal statue of Mars and a nude Venus. The Altar of Augustan Peace (Ara Pacis Augustae) was located there, as was the Obelisk of Montecitorio, imported from Egypt to form the pointer (gnomon) of the Solarium Augusti, a giant sundial. With its public gardens, the Campus became one of the most attractive places in the city to visit. When the legionary standards lost to the Parthians were recovered, they were housed in the new temple. The date of the temple's dedication on May 1. Scorpio, the house of war. Even nude or seminude, he often wears a helmet or carries a spear as emblems of his warrior nature. Mars was among the deities to appear on the earliest Roman coinage in the late 4th and early 3rd century BC. His helmet is a plumed neo- Attic- type. He wears a military cloak (paludamentum) and a cuirass ornamented with a gorgoneion. Although the relief is somewhat damaged at this spot, he appears to hold a spear garlanded in laurel, symbolizing a peace that is won by military victory. The 1st- century statue of Mars found in the Forum of Nerva (pictured at top) is similar. In this guise, Mars is presented as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people. The panel of the Ara Pacis on which he appears would have faced the Campus Martius, reminding viewers that Mars was the god whose altar Numa established there, that is, the god of Rome's oldest civic and military institutions. Mars was also served by the Salii, a twelve- member priesthood of patrician youths who dressed as archaic warriors and danced in procession around the city in March. Both priesthoods extend to the earliest periods of Roman history, and patrician birth was required. Festivals with horse racing took place in the Campus Martius. Some festivals in March retained characteristics of new year festivals, since Martius was originally the first month of the Roman calendar. From 2. 17 BC onward, Mars was among the gods honored at the lectisternium, a banquet given for deities who were present as images. The Arval Brothers, or . In the most ancient Roman calendar, Martius was the first month. The planet Mars was named for him, and in some allegorical and philosophical writings, the planet and the god are endowed with shared characteristics. In Irish (Gaelic), the day is An Mh. The English word Tuesday derives from Old English . The 4th- century Latin historian Ammianus Marcellinus treats Mars as one of several classical Roman deities who remained . In 3. 63 AD, in preparation for the Siege of Ctesiphon, Julian sacrificed ten . The tenth bull violated ritual protocol by attempting to break free, and when killed and examined, produced ill omens, among the many that were read at the end of Julian's reign. As represented by Ammianus, Julian swore never to make sacrifice to Mars again. The archaic priesthood of Mars Gradivus was the Salii, the . In the Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, however, Mars and Quirinus were two separate deities, though not perhaps in origin. Each of the three had his own flamen (specialized priest), but the functions of the Flamen Martialis and Flamen Quirinalis are hard to distinguish. The same title is given to Jupiter and to the Umbrian deity Vofionus. This triad has been compared to the Archaic Triad, with Vofionus equivalent to Quirinus. After the auspices were taken, two groups of three victims were sacrificed at each gate. Mars Grabovius received three oxen. You may place the viands in one vessel, and the wine likewise in one vessel. Either a slave or a free man may make this offering. After the ceremony is over, consume the offering on the spot at once. A woman may not take part in this offering or see how it is performed. You may vow the vow every year if you wish. Invocations of deities are often list- like, without connecting words, and the phrase should perhaps be understood as . He holds a shield in his left hand. The honorific marks the affiliation of a deity with Imperial cult. An inscription in the Alps records the gratitude of a slave who dedicated a statue to Mars Augustus as conservator corporis sui, the preserver of his own body, said to have been vowed ex iussu numinis ipsius, . Mars appears with great frequency in Gaul among the Continental Celts, as well as in Roman Spain and Britain. In Celtic settings, he is often invoked as a healer. He is once identified with Silvanus. Among the votives are images of children offering doves. The Celtic god Loucetios, Latinized as - ius, appears in nine inscriptions in present- day Germany and France and one in Britain, and in three as Leucetius. The Gaulish and Brythonictheonyms likely derive from Proto- Celtic*louk(k)et- , . The name is given as an epithet of Mars. The consort of Mars Loucetius is Nemetona, whose name may be understood as pertaining either to . At the Romano- British site in Bath, a dedication to Mars Loucetius as part of this divine couple was made by a pilgrim who had come from the continental Treveri of Gallia Belgica to seek healing. A Celto- Latin name Medocius or Medocus is known. According to Macrobius, he wore a radiant crown like a sun god, because the passion to act with valor was a kind of heat. He may be connected to Irish Neit. The Celtic god Nodens was also interpreted as equivalent to several other Roman gods, including Mercury and Neptune. The name may have meant . He may be a local counterpart to Lenus. Olloudius is found also at Ollioules in southern Gaul. A dedication to Rigonemetis and the numen (spirit) of the Emperor inscribed on a stone was discovered at Nettleham (Lincolnshire) in 1. Rigonemetis is only known from this site, and it seems he may have been a god belonging to the tribe of the Corieltauvi. At a site within the territory of the Treveri, Ancamna was the consort of Mars Smertrius. A fusion of Mars with the Celtic god Teutates (Toutatis). Mars Thincsus. A form of Mars invoked at Housesteads Roman Fort at Hadrian's Wall, where his name is linked with two goddesses called the Alaisiagae. Anne Ross associated Thincsus with a sculpture, also from the fort, which shows a god flanked by goddesses and accompanied by a goose . The Paleo Diet for Vegetarians.
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